What is Random Mutation | EvolutionCourse | Session 2

What are Random Mutations? And why are they such a big deal in evolutionary thinking?! In this session we are going to learn about genetics and mutations, and understand what role mutations play in the Theory of Evolution. Evolution is about the change of features and traits of creatures over time. But the ToE claims that those changes, on the macro level, primarily due to random events can bring about huge variation in shapes of creatures that live today versus their ancient ancestors. === Here is the second session recording of the course "Is Evolution True or False?", titled: "What is Random Mutation?". Already registered: Send your questions for the livestream on Saturday 10th of July, 4pm GMT. Not registered yet, no problem, you can catch up easily, register and enroll here: https://findingtruthchannel.com/courses/is-evolution-true-or-false/ === Contents: 1. What are phenotypes and genotypes. 2. Simplified explanation of genetic code, codons, protein synthesis. 3. DNA replication. 4. Error correction during replication: Proofreading, Mismatch repair. 5. Genetic damage repair. 6. What are Random Mutations? 7. Types of Mutations. 8. How rare is a functional protein? 9. Questioning the trans-mutational narrative in macro-evolution. === References: Phenotypes: https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/phenotype-phenotypes-35/ Genotypes (https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/genotype Genetic code, codons, and synonyms: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22358/ Mutations are mistakes: https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Mutation A nice definition and summary about mutations: https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-a-mutation Epigenetics: https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/disease/epigenetics.htm Developmental Gene Regulatory Networks (dGRNs): https://www.pnas.org/content/105/51/20063 DNA to protein: https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/translation-dna-to-mrna-to-protein-393/ Gametes: https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/replication-and-distribution-of-dna-during-meiosis-6524853/ Types of Error correction: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs- molecular-genetics/hs-discovery-and-structure-of-dna/a/dna-proofreading-and-repair Mutation rates in mammalian genomes: https://www.pnas.org/content/99/2/803 Estimation of functionally beneficial proteins: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022283604007624 === Videos of which excerpts were used for illustration for education purposes in the session: This video shows the process from DNA to protein: /watch/ArOUksCu7GguU DNA replication: /watch/641=t?Yzo2tcj9kH79= Proofreading: /watch/VOCK6Dq0O6qK Mismatch repair: /watch/w2iAWKIXM3pXA damage repair/response: /watch/UMFWOoS_Iy2_W === Relevant videos from Finding Truth to expand on the discussion: Chance and random mutations: /watch/8EbMtUjZ_FiZM Can random mutation cause evolution: /watch/IgRFLeiLeIZLF On Evolution series: Interview about Random Mutation: /watch/oSHtw4P0j9c0t On Evolution, Mutations with multicellularity: /watch/w7Qhsb9_wCc_h Debate about Descent w/Modification by Random Mutation: /watch/AvQ1-tfjSryj1 About Cambrian Explosion: /watch/U_D-V6ND7vgD- Session 1 of the course: /watch/4oHotzMz_Jozo === #EvolutionCourse #Mutation #Genetics Watch the episode here, but don't forget to share with loved ones: /watch/0Td91j6RTkWR9

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